SPACE Newsletter - December 1985

December 1985

DECEMBER

1985

Friday, December 13 at 7:30 PM December meeting: Don't forget our NEW MEETING PLACE!

THIS MEETING: Ray Douglas of the Computer Broadcasting~ will fill us in on what is happening in the world of computer information (programs) being broadcast via radio. His radio show on WWTC 1280 AM, Computer lii.n§, is· the first in the Metro area to offer this new and unique way of obtaining public domain software. We hope to have a demo; come to the meeting and find out! 222-35~5 Bob Rhode •..• Editor Bruca.Haug ••. President 774-6226 Bob Siede .... Treasurer 489-3982 Jim Schu1z ..• Vice-Pres 537-5442 Bob Floyd •... Secretary 487-2627 774-6~26 Frank Haug .•. Disk Lib. Jim Siede •••• Paper/Educational Librarian 489-3982 SPACE/TAIG Bulletin Board ... 473-2897

Published by the St. Paul Enthusiasts Computer Atari independent an (SPACE), organization with no business Atari with a.ffil iation Incorporated. Permission is similar any to granted organization with which SPACE to newsletters exchanges this in reprint material newsletter. We do, however, asK that credit be to the -~uthors and to SPACE. Opinions expressed are those of the article authors and do not necessarily reflect the c I ub SPACE , of v i ews officers, members, or Atari Inc.

SPACE Dece1oer, !985

CHRIS CRAWFORD ASSENBLY LAN6UA&E COURSE LESSON SIX SpartaDOS Construction §!1. Reviewed bv !lark 1Jallevan11.

Public

:-lodH Sofhare By ,Joe Dani:c

Flight Si :aul ator ll. ~eview

Jeff Nelson

SPACE Deceliler, 1985 Page 2

November 11eetino ~ bv Bob Floyd The last S?ACE ■eeting ..as held Friday, ltoveeber Bat our RN aeeting place, the Falcon Heights C0111111ity Center. There were 70 peoale in attendance. In "Ruaors•, it •as reoorted that ST-BASIC has shipped and that Inf1111orld's Dvorat preferred tne ST over Aaigi, It •as also noted that OSS is n011 supporting the ST •ith a disk utility and a Pascal language. In the presidents report, it .as aMounced that Syn~se has finally released the llOIE versions of SynFilt+ !4x larger files) and SynCalc (lx larger spreadsheets> u Coguter upgrade! far $10.00 for registered Cllffltrs. E~er~ise World i5 not an illthorized ATARI dealer after all, and •ill not bt handling ATARI'5, Eltctians nre held •ith only aoe person noainated for eac!I past. S11 the list of n" officers in the Deceliler n111Sletter. ln the vice president's report, Bruce r1lated an article in the ftinneapolis paper co1S1aring the S20ST ta the Bruce also disc111sed the possibility Df AftISA and ftac. starting an ST sig as part of SPACE. Thau inttreltld should contact Bruce. The library no• has the HaHpu custmizer. This is handy far those •ith llOIE's, 1050 drivn or R-,erter·s. It c111 also help in character set 11ltttion, 1111/lDff, and rNOVing auto line+ttis lnteesury far Delphi I. PACE lill be slrlding 2 public daaain 9rapnic1 ii1i1 far 1111 •itll P!'l nt

i!!.2l SOilR.

Tht treasurtr, !lax Feuer, re,artld that the clldl has 11143.23 at this tilt •itb liaut 100 llailrs. Bab llli Bruct pointed out that the large b&laact 1111 dul ta btttr __ th111 expected sales Df DOii's Di !f!Y! DOii's. Tht bat balance •ill prabibl y go dCIIII INlllhat dUI ta . . ftll

aeeting raaa. The follawing praqran ..,., dND'd: 1. P0111r Star - Phyllis of !lizard's llort ~ this educational 9rasihic/t11t adventure. It is cartrii91 balld and featurn 6:i/252 rOOIII (63 roan I N,S,E,11 ri1111l. 2. The Eidelon - Steve Pauley of NinitDDls shlllllll this latest Lucasfila/Epyx r1l1au, llhicll futurn fractal landscape graphics and exquisite aniaatian. The story lint involves being transported in a ti ■e ■achint to a cave-like HZ!.

ran I The first problem Pres. of SPACE was tMe tried to ! OLD-FASH! □ NED 1 modem a "Viewtr-or." to on t= similar system base aive should I First CompuServe. I met and talke~ you some fac:ts: of Smigr~d Lee Daniel to Mr. Viewtron at the Computer Show a~ Nev. Paul Civic: Center, the St. 3, and he had Free software t= gain to enable computer users just abou-: ac:c:ess to 1/iewtron for He every comp1..1ter e:-:cept ATA!=.:!. 1-::::."': "Generic:" startwp gave me a and stated if I c:ould gain access kits for he would send me startup is This cur members! of all tr-oubles "old fashion" my where I c:an gain ac:c:ess to the began. due system, but I c:an't "Sign Or." "Ma.Jor to the fact I don't have a Master Card. Cr-edit Card" - VISA, Americ:an E::press, etc:. same CompuServe Problem #2: but thing nc major credit c:ard inf._ the retreiving is Bob Floyd w, for our meeting. I discovered this fac~ Now that major All guess what happened! quit Campanies Card er-edit "get one free" sending me their mail type of offerings in the next by , Well every two weeks. Maybe month I hope to have one. Dog New "01 d you. can _teac:h an Tri c:ks". THE NEW F'F:£5

•

EIQ.IISJVELY FOR

3. Loderunner's Rescue - Steve USD shDIIIII thil It ftaturn a lD LadtRunHr type arDl}raa fraa Synaps1. gaae •ith ovtr 30 scrnns and scrnn editor. YOII art cast u LodeRunner's daughter llha •st try ta ruch LacltRunnr tD save hi ■•

BYTES FROM THE PRES. Well he~e I sit with the first shoveled and a newsletter arti:le that to oe late!

snow al 1 official going is

SPACE Deceliler, 198' Page 2

CHRIS CRAIIFOIII ASSEIIBLT l.All&IIA&E ciluRSE

IIORLDIIDE USERS IIET1IORl - - - ~ LESSIII Sil: __. SUBRIIITIIES • TIE STD llt

11111t

tait ._ tbt first ta,ic in ~ii uriN that i1

nDt lilolutlly 111111tial to witintJ

pr••=

suirautinn. TIit lDOPI and indllld IINnllill) dilCIIIIIII i ■ tbt prtvi11111

it is hardly pas1ibl1 to lecture art tnaly tsllftt:ial: .rite I ullful praqru that hu no laop1. Sarntint1 utter Df tan¥111i111C1, nat IIICtllity

are.,

SPACE

l>ece■ber,

1985 Page 3

!t is quite possible to write an entirely adeQuate prograc Nlthout using a single subroutine. However, you wili find that the convenience of subroutines with large orograas is so great that you would never want to write such a progra1 without the1.

The primary purpose of a subroutine is to perfor1 so■e function that is frequently needed at ■any paints in the progra■• Instead of having to repetitively insert the sa■e cede aver and over again, we si ■ply write it once, place it in a subroutine, and call that subroutine ■any ti ■es fro■ the aain prograa. The use of subroutines druatically reduces the size of a progru. Subroutines are i ■ple■ented on the 6502 in a fashion very siailar to that used by BASIC. You aay recall the two BASIC co■aands for subroutines: 1 6DSUB linena• and "RETURN". The two corresponding 6502 coaaands are "JSR label' and RTS•. The label in "JSR label' is the label of the beginning of the subroutines.

The solution to all this is called a stack. A stact is a chunk of RAN allocated for certain special operations such as subroutines. The 6S02 stack is stored on page one - that is, addresses $0100 ta S01FF. The stact. operates like 128 return address registers arranged in sequence (reae■ber: t•o bytes per address}, The 6502 keeps a stack pointer register to keep tract of wnich byte in the stack is currently being used. I will n011 trace through the operation of the stack in a subroutine. We start with the stack painter set equal ta $FF. That ■eans that the stack is eepty; the stack pointer is at the very top of the stack. The 6502 encounters a JSR instruction. It takes the current value of the program counter and breaks it into t•o bytes. It pushes the first byte onto the stack. This ■eans that it stares the first byte at $01FF, then decre■ ents the stack pointer. Now the stack pointer is $FE.

Thus, writing and using subroutines in 6S02 is trivially siaple. First, you write the subroutine. You give it a naae !say, 'l'IYSUBR"l and stick that label in front of the Tirst instruction. 'iou put an RTS co■aand after the last noraal coa1and of the subroutine. To call the subroutine, you just put JSR l'IYSUBR. That's all it takes!

Then the 6502 then pushes the second byte of the return addrus onto the stack, storing that byte at $01FE and decreaenting the stack pointer to SFD. Then the 6502 juaps to the subroutine. When it encounters the RTS instruction, it pulls the two address bytes off of the stack !incre■ents stack pointers and loads byte at address SOlOO,SPl. Those two bytes go directly into the progra1 counter, returning the 6502 to the original entry point.

However, in order ta understand how it works is not so easy. Here's the problet1 we ■ust solve •hen the 6502 ju■ps to a subroutine, the JSR instruction tells it thedestination address to which the 6502 ■ust ju■p. But when the 6S02 hits the RTS instruction, how does it know the address ta which it 1ust return?

The advantage of this approach is that it alloNs very deep nesting of subroutines. If one subroutine calls another, the 6502 si ■ply stores aore values onto the stack. The addresses •an't be confused because you always exit subroutines in exactly the reverse of the order that you entered the■•

The RTS doesn't say, "Return to THIS address•; it uys cnly "Return•. Moreover, how could the 6502 knoN where to return' If the subroutine can be called fro1, say, five different points in the progra1, haw •ould the 6502 kn011 Nhich of those points to which it aust return?

You can use the stack yourself, if you wish. You have six instructions that alloN you to_play with the stack: PHA, PLA, PHP, PLP, TSX, and TIS.

re■e■bering_

The PHA instruction pushes the value of the accu■ulator onto the stack and decrnents the stack pointer. The PLA instruction increaents the stack pointer and pulls the current stack value into the accu■ulator. These two instructions allow you to stare and retrieve values onto the stack. They 111st be exactly balanced, though, or you will generate that ■ost feared of bugs, the stack crashes.

There is only ane proble1 with this: what if we use nested subroutines !one subroutine calls another)? The second subroutine call will erase the return address far the first subroutine call, Trouble!

Consider: you are in a subroutine. You push a value onto the stack, but forget to pull it aff. When the 6S02 atte■ pts to return to its original location, it pulls two address bytes off the stack - but they're the wrong two bytes. Dne of the■ is the value you pushed but didn't pull. Result: the 6S02 return to the wrong address. You

What if we gave the 6502 a special register far return aodresses? That is, whenever the 6502 encounters a JSR instruction, it stares the current address into its return address register. Then •hen it encounters an RTS instruction, it siaply takes the address out of the return address register.

SPACE Decelber, 1985 Page 3

SPACE Deceaber 1 19B5 Page 4

progra1 goes havwire and the

co■puter

crashes.

This is caled a stack crash. This type of cra!ih tends tc be aarticulariy difficult to recover froa. Prevention is the best 1edicine here. The rule for preventing stack cra!ihes is si ■ple and absolute: each and every push onto the stack aust be balanced by one pull fro1 the stack. Violate this rule and you will certainly experience a stack crash. The next pair of stack ■anipulation instructions are PHP and PLP. These push and pull the process status register o:tp the stack. They are useful for t•o purposes. First, vau aav •ish to save the values of the various flags before perfor1ing s011e operation, then restore the■ so that you can branch on a previously created condition. Second, it is soaeti1n handy to PHP, than PLA ta get the processor status re~ister into the accuaulatorada where you can aore directly ~anipulate it. Again, each push aust be balanced by ane pull. The third stack unipulation pair of CDMinds da not the stack. They are TSX and TIS. These tr111sfer the stack· pointer to and fr01 the x-register. Once in the x-r"ister, you can change the value of the stack value and then· TXS to juap ov!r secti ans of the stack. This can be a very handy way to pass paraeters ta subroutines, but it is also very tricky. If you aake a aistake, you •ill generate a stack crash. So be careful •ith this one. I have al.ays avoided these caaaands like the plague. They are very dangerous and never essential. ■adifv

SPACE •ill have a 520 ST Special Interest Sroup CST SI6l , as of now •e only have a leader, but no place to 1eet. Me tried to get ~innesota Federal, Lexington and Larpentuer , wnere we used ta hold SPACE ■eetings, but it is not available at this tie,· Co■ e to the ■eeting far aore inforaation - Next month there will be a ST SI& NEIIS section added to our ne•sletter, hopefully 11ritten by a 1e1ber of the ne• group. bu~

?.3. There •ill not be additional dues as of now to belong t~ the ST, SIS - vour SPACE 1eabership is all that is . 8-B!i NEWS

The only program I have seen so far is 'Print Shop C01panion•, but I don't know if our local dealers have it !n ;to:k yet. When they do get it i hope they order enough, want one for sure. heard that the ATARI 1020 printer is a very precision piece of haruware, but replace1ent paper and color pens are hard to find. !f you know where to buy replace1ent paper anc pens, drop sea note in the ■ail, or call ■e. Are they aviilable locally or aail order only? SPACE

Dete■ber,

1985 Page 4

have gone t= you're heads onlv ONE member donated t= DOM. Luckily~ ther~ was mer~ d ::. =' c-, ~-~ .. ~s ~ one prograi.m on +._ne -•··, ·~', ~ ~ •· 1 .:i mont~•s disk looks a •·---skimpy. Hopefully I'll be able to add one or two more prgrams. NOBODY approached me my idea of people pictures to make a containing these picture files. to be sold as a separate disk or about the Electronic Arts' Pinball Construction Set games for another separate disk (The Games themselves not files loaded bv it for its use) This will all d~pend on your support. If nobody gets in touch with me by New Year's. then there will not be an extra· disk for January 1986. I believe that such a disk would sell well and be verv good fer trading. Aside f~om the DOM we will be selling a Separate disk for mt.tsic S4.0Q, the AMS Christmas th~. that we sold last yeari for new members who do not have Christmas music. Of course will also have some of the musi= players there, which are needed to play the music.

an·,-

Now on with the programs on the December 1985 D. □ .M. A 1.BALLSONG.COM graphic/music demo. ar,=ade AN 2.ANDROTON.COMno have I for which game instructions. 3.MONEY.COM - Another arcade game where you use the joystick to pick up the money and the trigger to place bars across the path to block deadly <robots?).

4.FILLERUP.COM

QIX

the clone, you must fill up screen and avoid the sparks and the moving lines(Qix). 5.POPCORN - Move the hat to cat=h the falling pooc=rn. The ribbon RE-INKER is ordered, hope it is here ti1e!! 1

cy ■eeting ~

THE PRES.

SpartaDDS Construction Set RevieNed by "ark Vallevand. The SpartaDDS Constructian Set !SDCSJ fro• ICD, Inc. contains several versions of the SpartaDOS operating :vstem, and a very extensive set of utilities, gaaes and demos. SDCS is packaged on 3 sides of 2 diskettes, and includes a 160 page owner's manual. The retail price is $09.95 with the US Doubler kit, and 39.~ Nithout the kit. SpartaDDS SpartaDDS is quite si1ply the best DDS available for the ATARI personal co1puter series. Its poNer, fle:iblity, and supporting utilities cannct be utched by any other ATARI DOS. SpartaDOS features include: , Totally 1e10ry resident. f File ti1esta1ps. 1 Subdirectories. f Couand driven. t ALL diskette far1ats supported. + Auto1atic diskette for1at recognition. f Input and output redirection. + Prograe access to SpartaDOS I/0 routines. • Progra1 access tc SpartaDOS data structures, including the c011anc line. + Wildcards for file na1es. + Keyboard buffering 1 Ralldisk support. , Ultra Speed and Happy 1odifications supported. And there are 1any 1 1any other features available ta the SpartaDOS user.

supported as a ra1disk. The RAft under BASIC in an ATARI XL/XE can also be used as a raadisk when in BASIC. There are 2 other undocu1ented ra1disk co11anas. One c011and is for the 256K BOOXL modification designed by Claus 8uchhal:, ano described in a Sept., 1985 BYTE article. The second undacu■ented ra1disk cauand is for a 192K 130XE 10dificati0n designed by Ron Baling. The file RD.DOC describes the usage of these t•o c011ands. The SDCS oNner·s 1anual is bound like a paperback It does not open novel. and sit an your table very It should have been spiral bound or loose leaf nicely. to aake reference usage easier. The 1anual is well written, it is reasonably organized, and co1prenenesive. UltraSpeed Doubler The US Doubler is a tNO chip set which is installed in a 1050 disk drive to convert it to a high speed double density drive. The· resulting drive is fully coapatible with any other double density drive. When used with SpartaDDS, the data transfers are allout 3 ties faster. The SDCS owner's ■anual clearly describes the installation of the replacuent chips. The installation 1ight require soldering t110 juapers ta correct positions. The ju■per positions depend on the 1anufacturer of one of the chips. If you do not Nant to atte1pt the replice■ent yourself, ICD Nill do it for SlS, including return shipping. The SDCS owner ' s unual also describes the US Doub 1er interface. That is, it describes all the· SID ca■■ands which are supported by the US Doubler. The US Doubler is only sold with Sparta.1105.

Construction Set The Constuction Set is an interesting na1t far the sir. versions of SpartaDDS and their supporting utilities. Construction cf your DOS depends an the 1odel of ATARI personal :01puter you want ta use, and the functionality you want the DOS ta have. SpartaDCS versions 1.x will work with any aodel, but are slightlv limited in functionality due ta 1uory size :onstraints of the 400/800 1odels. SpartaDDS 1.x cannot icces; DOS 2 files directly (they 1ust be converted and co~ied to a SpartaDOS 1.i diskette by a utility progrul, and cannot take advantage of XL/XE features. SpartaDOS versions 2.x will only work with XL/XE 1odels. 2.x uses the RAN under the OS ROfts to reduce loN 1e10ry usage by about 4K. It has a 1uch richer co11and set, and supports direct ac:ess to DDS 2 files. The SDCS owner's 1anual docu■ents 3 ra■ disk c011ands. ihe Axio■ RAftPOWER 128 is supported under SoartaDOS 1.x on an ATARI 800, The second 041: on the ATARI 130XE is supported as a ra■ disk. The RAft under BASIC in an ATARI

The Botto• line This is the best buy in the ATARI 1arket today. It is the last DDS you will ever need. It is the fastest your 1050 disk drive will ever run.

~ss5Tr w'-.-+ el.'id.. -+-i...e k,-Aie.l E2.o ~ ~~ -fo -1"/u. AMl6-~

[;"01':,-::&. d,;(I 411 .....,1,e +; ~ ' -tluse S--Ju.f''"- J~ke.s-_ ~.( "fd~r~ '·,.~

Se~,,i( · • •

IJJ;{( '{tJu

?/use I..G!:.41-c ,ktC ;d.LJ .Jt-? ·

C, lcs., ~,, O ~:1~

capability of law speed keyooard co■■unication between users at the sa1e that the files are being exchangea.

Public Daaain ~ S0fti1are Bv Joe Dani:a There is a great variety of public do■ain software available for your ATARI to use with a 1odN, The only prablea is that a lat of it has ta be used in the correct c01binatian. ! will try to lay out what I know to be sou worting calbinatians that I nave used with the ATARl 1030 1oau. ~ost will also wort with the ATARI 835 1ode1 except for tone dialing. There are three 1ain types of ter■ inal software:

A. Terainal Prograas l'last versions require ATARI BASIC and hiYe ■any 'bells and whistles',The latest version is A10de1 7.1. All versions require the use of an 1 R: 1 or a 1 T: 1 handler. When used with a 1030 and the T: handler, A"ODE" 7.1 will execute auto■atic tone dialing. 1

B. ftode1 Handler This is a progra■ that installs an "R:• andlor "T:• pointer in the operating systu device handler table to allow software to access 1ode1s •ith standardized co11anas. This type of software is usually used by na■ing 1t AUTORUN.SYS so that it loads at boot ti1e. lf the ter■ inal progru is BASIC it can be "RUN" at the "READY' pro■pt or the handler progra■ will run it auto■atically. If the ter1inal progra1 is a ■achine language "BINARY LOAD" file there are two ways to get going using •nos•. One is to use •~.SAY" and "DUP.svs• with the •L• option. Load the handler file with a 1 /N" after the filena ■e then load the 1ain progru. The.other •av is ta append the ■ain pragraa onto the handler file. The handler file should have an "INIT" address only and_ the 1ain progra1 should only need a "RUN• address. Nue this co■paund file 1 AUTDRUN.SYS 1 and just boot it up. 1

T£RIH030 "R: • Handlers

S01ewhat equivilent ta A"ODEl'I, TER"1030 requires an R: handler. It has a unique feature that allows the transfer af disk data in raw sectors betwnn two ATARI's, 1

1030 EXPRESS Written and co■piled in ACTION, this is a ca■plete package that does nearly everything you need. It is functionally equivalent to AflODE" 7.1 with T: handler and 1

KERIUT1030 "ust be used with a T: handler. The ■ain function is the ill)le■entation of the only standard file transfer protocol I know of between ■ost 1ainfra■e syste1s and ucros systeas.

ihe separate CIS 'A' transfer

T: Handlers 1

RDIAL.

There are at leut two versions that wort with the 1030. The original R.BIN or "RHANDLER" and an enhanced version, "RHANDLR2", that returns after <Syste■ Reset> and will autoaatically (RUN>. a basic terainal prograa after booting if it is has a filena■e extension of ".RUN".

1030 version is written in ·c· and requires no handler. The purpose of TSCOPE is to i ■pleent the file transfer protocol used an CO~USERYE for the of binary data files.

There uy be others but the only 1 T: 1 handler I have used is the one that resides on RO" inside the 1030 10de1. When the ATARI is booted with only a 1030 and no disk it will auto■atically read the R°" in the 1030 and install the "T:" handler. Dist bued progra■s that require a •r:• handler will run if a short progra■ si1ilar to one fro• the August issue of ANTIC is run first. 1030 EXPRESS has this function built in. The 1030 T: handler supports autoutic tone dialing. 1

C. Sujlpart Pragran

RDIAL This is an ATARI basic progra■ which will generate a phone nulber data base file for use with ■any versions of AIU!Dal for autoutic dialing.

DISKLINK ~

This is a ■achine language pragra1 that needs no other progra■s or handlers ta operate. Its clai ■ to fa■e is a file transfer 1ethod si ■ilar ta A"ODE" but with the :apability of low speed keyboard co■■unication between

This is a basic progru that •ill tone dial on the ATARI 1030, 1ainly for use as a 1odel for prograuers to use ta develop this function in their own applications.

PN:-£ 7 The foiio11in~ is a list If ISillle din configarations: TERl1. PS!!

J.aE ?tsr alFiii.

ANODE!! 7. l

KSIC

If all you're after is just a flying game, tt1: isn't it. The plane you are controlling is closely a:caelec after a Piper Archer and has all cf its instruments, controls, and fliQht characteristics. ln addition to the control stick a~d rudder pedals, the pilot can 1an1pulate the throttle, 1ixture, flaps, carburetor heat, 1agneto switch, and choose bet11een left or right fuel tanks. Three radios are included with you can navigate and do precision instruaent approachs. Over 80 airports are available to fly to and froa, aany of which have VOR and NOB radio facilites co-located. Scenery areas are the Seattle, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Ne• York areas. In Chicago so1e of the details visible out the Nindow are Lake !lichigan, the John Hancock and Sears buildings, and highwavs (in addition ta the airports). New York has the Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty (you can actually see her face!!, and the World Trade Center. Los Angeles and Seattle bath have 1ountains in addition to their cities and oceans. Pushing ESC while operating the plane allows you to adjust the tiae of day (it gets dark after ninel, the season, latitude and longitude, up to three cloud and Nind levels, and the aircraft's orientation. If a crash appears ininent, just push ESC and add 20,000 feet to your altitude. Flying qualities are good, but it takes a while to get a feel for the controls. I a1 a pilot 1yself and still Nas unable to 1aie a successful landing for a couple of hours. The co111uter takes everything into account, adjusting attitude, airspeed, and altitude •hen you aake a change in power or pitch. It stalls just like the real one, and can handle si1ple aerobatics. I've done rolls, loops, and several other 1aneuvers that I'1 not quite sure have na■es. SubLagic says in one of the aanuals they are negotiating with the FAA ta have the progru certified ta alla• you to lag si111lator ti1e in your pilot's logbook. lncidently, there are two 1anuals that co1e with the progra1 that cover basic aerodyna1ics, the controls, 'ho• to fly", and everything else necessary to either a novice or experienced pilot. If you still aren't convinced a flight si1ulator is a goad piece of softllire for you, try the NNI Ace option. Radios are rnoved fro• the instruaent panel and you're in coaund of a NNI fighter. Your 1ission is to blow up ene1y factories and shoat dawn the defending airplanes. This is the ■ast realistic flying ga1e I've seen and yet is si111le enough to 1anage that it· s still fun.

!- IOS.SYS

2IIF.SYS

lAIJTIJRUII.SYS (I: iJR T: l UIAIDLER l

MDDEll71

5RDIAL

Aftu'"E! I.I iASI!:

SAIi£

CIIAY NOT BE ABLE! CQIIPILED <TO USE T:HNDLRl !}ii

T:R!U030

BASIC

1DOS.SYS 2AUTORUN.SYS CR: HANDLER! 3TERP.1030

tC30EIPP.ESS ML-ACTION 1DOS.SYS 2AUTORUN.SYS KEP.!'!In030 Ml

1DOS.SYS 2DUP.SYS 3THANDLER 4KERK1030 OR 1DOS.SYS 2AUTORUN.SYS

TSCOPE

Kl-C

1DOS.SYS 2AUTDRUN.SYS

DI SKUNK

1DOS.SYS 2AUTDRUN.SYS

If anyone needs assistance or na inforution leave E-"AIL for 1e on the iAI6/SPACE BBS in the HELP section. I Nill have a few 1030 KODEl'I SOFTWARE DISKS TO SELL ~oR So.00 each at the SPACE sonthly 1eeting in decnber. Prcfits go to the 1ainteance of the BBS. See you all ~here'''

Flight Si ■ ulator li. Revie• by Jeff Melson This is the 1ost advanced, realistic flight siaulator yet aade for the Ahri. !lade by SubLogic, the progra■ reQL!ires at hast 48K of aetory (it uses the MK in the SOOXU anc one disk drive. One or two joysticks are c:tional as Nell as ·,our oim blank disk to store your lc::ati:m !.a final approach, etc.)

Wdt) fl.is

wr11..e~ up 1111 ~"- S°<t!-+" ts- -pre-f-11, +~:111,

fr •St- ,ssu~.

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